Adjectives of First and Second Declensions
In the nominative case masculine ending of adjectives is mostly -us, feminine ending is -a, and neuter ending is -um.
| bonus, –a, –um(good) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||||
| Nominative | bonus | -us | bonī | -ī | bona | -a | bonae | -ae | bonum | -um | bona | -a |
| Genitive | bonī | -ī | bonōrum | -ōrum | bonae | -ae | bonarum | -arum | bonī | -ī | bonōrum | -ōrum |
| Dative | bonō | -ō | bonīs | -īs | bonae | -ae | bonīs | -īs | bonō | -ō | bonīs | -īs |
| Accusative | bonum | -um | bonōs | -ōs | bonam | -am | bonās | -ās | bonum | -um | bona | -a |
| Ablative | bonō | -ō | bonīs | -īs | bona | -a | bonīs | -īs | bonō | -ō | bonīs | -īs |
| Vocative | bone | -e | bonī | -ī | bona | -a | bonae | -ae | bone | -e | bona | -a |
–r Adjectives of First and second declensions
There are some adjectives which end in -er in nominative case .
| miser, –era, –erum(sad, poor, unhappy) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||||
| Nominative | miser | -er | miserī | -ī | misera | -a | miserae | -ae | miserum | -um | misera | -a |
| Genitive | miserī | -ī | miserōrum | -ōrum | miserae | -ae | miserārum | -ārum | miserī | -ī | miserōrum | -ōrum |
| Dative | miserō | -ō | miserīs | -īs | miserae | -ae | miserīs | -īs | miserō | -ō | miserīs | -īs |
| Accusative | miserum | -um | miserōs | -ōs | miseram | -am | miserās | -ās | miserum | -um | misera | -a |
| Ablative | miserō | -ō | miserīs | -īs | miserā | -ā | miserīs | -īs | miserō | -ō | miserīs | -īs |
| Vocative | miser | -er | miserī | -ī | misera | -a | miserae | -ae | miserum | -um | misera | -a |
Some adjectives of this group omit -e.
| pulcher,–cra, –crum (beautiful) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||||
| Nominative | pulcher | -er | pulchrī | -ī | pulchra | -a | pulchrae | -ae | pulchrum | -um | pulchra | -a |
| Genitive | pulchrī | -ī | pulchrōrum | -ōrum | pulchrae | -ae | pulchrārum | -ārum | pulchrī | -ī | pulchrōrum | -ōrum |
| Dative | pulchrō | -ō | pulchrīs | -īs | pulchrae | -ae | pulchrīs | -īs | pulchrō | -ō | pulchrīs | -īs |
| Accusative | pulchrum | -um | pulchrōs | -ōs | pulchram | -am | pulchrās | -ās | pulchrum | -um | pulchra | -a |
| Ablative | pulchrō | -ō | pulchrīs | -īs | pulchrā | -ā | pulchrīs | -īs | pulchrō | -ō | pulchrīs | -īs |
| Vocative | pulcher | -er | pulchrī | -ī | pulchra | -a | pulchrae | -ae | pulchrum | -um | pulchra | -a |
Irregular adjectives in first and second declensions
There are some irregular adjectives in first and second declension. Their genitive/ singular ending is -ius, and dative singular ending is -ī.Some these irregular adjective's nominative/masculine/singular ending is -us, and vocative/masculine/singular ending is -e.The rest is declined like first and second declension except their genitive and dative singular. These irregular adjectives are:
- alter, –era, –erum; the other (of two)
- uter, –tra, –trum; which (of two)
- neuter, –tra, –trum; neither (of two)
| alter, altera, alterum (another, the other of two) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||||
| Nominative | alter | -er | alterī | -ī | altera | -a | alterae | -ae | alterum | -um | altera | -a |
| Genitive | alterīus | -īus | alterōrum | -ōrum | alterīus | -īus | alterārum | -ārum | alterīus | -īus | alterōrum | -ōrum |
| Dative | alterī | -ī | alterīs | -īs | alterī | -ī | alterīs | -īs | alterī | -ī | alterīs | -īs |
| Accusative | alterum | -um | alterōs | -ōs | alteram | -am | alterās | -ās | alterum | -um | altera | -a |
| Ablative | alterō | -ō | alterīs | -īs | alterā | -ā | alterīs | -īs | alterō | -ō | alterīs | -īs |
| Vocative | alter | -er | alterī | -ī | altera | -a | alterae | -ae | alterum | -um | altera | -a |
Other irregular adjectives are:
- sōlus, –a, –um; sole, alone
- alius, –a, –ud; (gen. sing. alterīus to avoid aliīus); another
- ūllus, –a, –um; any
- nūllus, –a, –um; no, none (of any)
- ūnus, –a, –um; one
- tōtus, –a, –um; whole
| sōlus, sōla, sōlum (sole, alone) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||||
| Nominative | sōlus | -us | sōlī | -ī | sōla | -a | sōlae | -ae | sōlum | -um | sōla | -a |
| Genitive | sōlīus | -īus | Sōlōrum | -ōrum | sōlīus | -īus | Sōlārum | -ōrum | sōlīus | -īus | Sōlōrum | -ōrum |
| Dative | sōlī | -ī | sōlīs | -īs | sōlī | -ī | sōlīs | -īs | sōlī | -ī | sōlīs | -īs |
| Accusative | sōlum | -um | sōlōs | -ōs | sōlam | -am | sōlās | -ās | sōlum | -um | sōla | -a |
| Ablative | sōlō | -ō | sōlīs | -īs | sōlā | -ā | sōlīs | -īs | sōlō | -ō | sōlīs | -īs |
| Vocative | sōle | -e | sōlī | -ī | sōla | -a | sōlae | -ae | sōlum | -um | sōla | -a |
Adjectives of Third Declension
Adjectives of third declensions are divided into three groups. Adjectives of the first group have different ending for each gender.
| celer, celeris, celere(swift, rapid, brash) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||||
| Nominative | celer | -er | celerēs | -ēs | celeris | -is | celerēs | -ēs | celere | -e | celeria | -ia |
| Genitive | celeris | -is | celerium | -ium | celeris | -is | celerium | -ium | celeris | -is | celerium | -ium |
| Dative | celerī | -ī | celeribus | -ibus | celerī | -ī | celeribus | -ibus | celerī | -ī | celeribus | -ibus |
| Accusative | celerem | -em | celerēs | -ēs | celerem | -em | celerēs | -ēs | celere | -e | celeria | -ia |
| Ablative | celerī | -ī | celeribus | -ibus | celerī | -ī | celeribus | -ibus | celerī | -ī | celeribus | -ibus |
| Vocative | celer | -er | celerēs | -ēs | celeris | -is | celerēs | -ēs | celere | -e | celeria | -ia |
Some adjectives of this group omit -e.
| puter, putris, putre (rotten, stinking) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||||
| Nominative | puter | -er | putrēs | -ēs | putris | -is | putrēs | -ēs | putre | -e | putria | -ia |
| Genitive | putris | -is | putrium | -ium | putris | -is | putrium | -ium | putris | -is | putrium | -ium |
| Dative | putrī | -ī | putribus | -ibus | putrī | -ī | putribus | -ibus | putrī | -ī | putribus | -ibus |
| Accusative | putrem | -em | putrēs | -ēs | putrem | -em | putrēs | -ēs | putre | -e | putria | -ia |
| Ablative | putrī | -ī | putribus | -ibus | putrī | -ī | putribus | -ibus | putrī | -ī | putribus | -ibus |
| Vocative | puter | -er | putrēs | -ēs | putris | -is | putrēs | -ēs | putre | -e | putria | -ia |
Adjectives of the second group have the endings for masculine and feminine. Neuter endings are different than masculine and feminine forms.
| parilis, parilis, parile(equal, like) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine& feminine | neuter | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||
| Nominative | parilis | -is | parilēs | -ēs | parile | -e | parilia | -ia |
| Genitive | parilis | -is | parilium | -ium | parilis | -is | parilium | -ium |
| Dative | parilī | -ī | parilibus | -ibus | parilī | -ī | parilibus | -ibus |
| Accusative | parilem | -em | parilēs | -ēs | parile | -e | parilia | -ia |
| Ablative | parilī | -ī | parilibus | -ibus | parilī | -ī | parilibus | -ibus |
| Vocative | parilis | -is | parilēs | -ēs | parile | -e | parilia | -ia |
Adjective of the third group have the same endings for all genders in singular. Masculine and feminine plural ending is -ēs. Neuter plural ending is -ia.
| fēlīx, fēlīcis(fruitful, lucky, fortunate) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine& feminine | neuter | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||
| Nominative | fēlīx | fēlīcēs | -ēs | fēlīx | -e | fēlīcia | -ia | |
| Genitive | fēlīcis | -is | fēlīcium | -ium | fēlīcis | -is | fēlīcium | -ium |
| Dative | fēlīcī | -ī | fēlīcibus | -ibus | fēlīcī | -ī | fēlīcibus | -ibus |
| Accusative | fēlīcem | -em | fēlīcēs | -ēs | fēlīx | fēlīcia | -ia | |
| Ablative | fēlīcī | -ī | fēlīcibus | -ibus | fēlīcī | -ī | fēlīcibus | -ibus |
| Vocative | fēlīx | fēlīcēs | -ēs | fēlīx | -e | fēlīcia | -ia | |
