First Declension
Nouns in this group are mostly feminine. Most of them end in -a except words which were borrowed from Greek.
Table 1
|
aqua, -ae, f.
(water) |
agricola, -ae, m.
(farmer) |
| Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
| Nominative |
aqua |
-a |
aquae |
-ae |
agricola |
-a |
agricolae |
-ae |
| Genitive |
aquae |
-ae |
aquārum |
-ārum |
agricolae |
-ae |
agricolārum |
-ārum |
| Dative |
aquae |
-ae |
aquīs |
-īs |
agricolae |
-ae |
agricolīs |
-īs |
| Accusative |
aquam |
-am |
aquās |
-ās |
agricolam |
-am |
agricolās |
ās |
| Ablative |
aquā |
-ā |
aquīs |
-īs |
agricolā |
-ā |
agricolīs |
-īs |
| Vocative |
aqua |
-a |
aquae |
-ae |
agricola |
-a |
agricolae |
-ae |
- A few Greek words are declined differently. Though, they are sometimes treated as if they were native Latin nouns. This table demonstrates their declensions.
Table 2
|
xiphiās, -ae, m.(swordfish) |
nymphē, -ēs, f.(young woman) |
comētēs, -ae, m. (comet) |
| Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
| Nominative |
xiphiās |
-ās |
xiphiae |
-ae |
nymphē |
-ē |
nymphae |
-ae |
comētēs |
-ēs |
comētae |
-ae |
| Genitive |
xiphiae |
-ae |
xiphiārum |
-ārum |
nymphēs |
-ēs |
nymphārum |
-ārum |
comētae |
-ae |
comētārum |
-ārum |
| Dative |
xiphiae |
-ae |
xiphiīs |
-īs |
nymphae |
-ae |
nymphīs |
-īs |
comētae |
-ae |
comētīs |
-īs |
| Accusative |
xiphiam-xiphiān |
-am/-ān |
xiphiās |
-ās |
nymphēn |
-ēn |
nymphās |
-ās |
comētēn-comētam |
-ēn/-am |
comētās |
-ās |
| Ablative |
xiphiā |
-ā |
xiphiae |
-ae |
nymphē |
-ē |
nymphae |
-ae |
comētā |
-ā |
comētīs |
-īs |
| Vocative |
xiphiā |
-ā |
xiphiīs |
-īs |
nymphē |
-ē |
nymphīs |
-īs |
comētē-comēta |
-ē/-a |
comētae |
-ae |
Second Declension
This group consists of mostly masculine nouns with several feminine ones. Masculine nouns often end in -us, -er, -r. Neuter ending is - um.
Table 3
|
servus, –ī, m. (slave) |
pābulum, -um, n. (food) |
magister, -ī, m. (teacher) |
| Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
| Nominative |
servus |
-us |
servī |
-ī |
pābulum |
-um |
pābula |
-a |
magister |
-er |
magistrī |
-ī |
| Genitive |
servī |
-ī |
servōrum |
-ōrum |
pābulī |
-ī |
pābulōrum |
-ōrum |
magistrī |
-ī |
magistrōrum |
-ōrum |
| Dative |
servō |
-ō |
servīs |
-īs |
pābulō |
-ō |
pābulīs |
-īs |
magistrō |
-ō |
magistrīs |
-īs |
| Accusative |
servum |
-um |
servōs |
-ōs |
pābulum |
-um |
pābula |
-a |
magistrum |
-um |
magistrōs |
-ōs |
| Ablative |
servō |
-ō |
servīs |
-īs |
pābulō |
-ō |
pābulīs |
-īs |
magistō |
-ō |
magistrīs |
-īs |
| Vocative |
serve |
-e |
servī |
-ī |
pābulum |
-um |
pābula |
-a |
magister |
-er |
magistrī |
-ī |
- Second declension includes some nouns from Greek. Some Greek nouns are declined as if they are Latin nouns, but some of them are not.
Table 4
|
atomos(-us) -os, -ī m.(atom) |
Ilion, -ī, n.(Troy) |
| Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
| Nominative |
atomos |
-os |
atomī |
-ī |
Ilion |
-on |
Iliī |
-ī |
| Genitive |
atomī |
-ī |
atomōrum |
-ōrum |
Iliī |
-ī |
Iliōrum |
-ōrum |
| Dative |
atomō |
-ō |
atomīs |
-īs |
Iliō |
-ō |
Iliīs |
-īs |
| Accusative |
atomon |
-on |
atomōs |
-ōs |
Ilion |
-on |
Iliōs |
-ōs |
| Vocative |
atomo |
-o |
atomīs |
-īs |
Ilio |
-o |
Iliīs |
-īs |
| Ablative |
atome |
-e |
atomī |
-ī |
Ilion |
-on |
Iliī |
-ī |
Third Declension
This is the largest group. Endings of nouns are numerous. The third declension includes masculine, feminine and neuter nouns. There are gaps in the table. It's because, there can be many endings in some cases, such as nominative and vocative. If its ending is not given, the noun stays the same as what normally it is in nominative case.
Table 5
|
rex, regis, m. (king) |
lītus, lītoris n. (shore) |
| Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
| Nominative |
rex |
|
reges |
-es |
lītus |
|
lītora |
-a |
| Genitive |
regis |
is |
regum |
-um |
lītoris |
is |
lītorum |
-um |
| Dative |
regī |
-ī |
regibus |
-ibus |
lītorī |
ī |
lītoribus |
-ibus |
| Accusative |
regem |
-em |
regēs |
-ēs |
lītus |
|
lītora |
-a |
| Ablative |
rege |
-ē |
regibus |
-ibus |
lītore |
-ē |
lītoribus |
-ibus |
| Vocative |
rex |
|
reges |
-es |
lītus |
|
lītora |
-a |
- Some of the nouns are declined differently. They are called i-stems. Here is the table that shows their declension:
Table 6
|
nāvis, nāvis, f. (ship) |
animal, animālis n. (animal) |
| Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
| Nominative |
nāvis |
|
nāvēs |
-ēs |
animal |
|
animālia |
-ia |
| Genitive |
nāvis |
-is |
nāvium |
-um |
animālis |
-is |
animālium |
-ium |
| Dative |
nāvī |
-ī |
nāvibus |
-ibus |
animālī |
-ī |
animālibus |
-ibus |
| Accusative |
nāvem/nāvim |
-em/-im |
nāvēs/nāvīs |
-ēs/-īs |
animal |
|
animālia |
-ia |
| Ablative |
nāve/nāvi |
-e/-i |
nāvibus |
-ibus |
animāli |
-i |
animālibus |
-ibus |
| Vocative |
nāvis |
|
nāvēs |
-ēs |
animal |
|
animālia |
-ia |
- There are also four irregular nouns in the third declension.
Table 7
|
vīs, f. (force) |
sūs, suis, m/f. (swine) |
bōs, bovis, m/f. (ox) |
Iuppiter, Iovis, m. (Jupiter) |
| Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
| Nominative |
vīs |
vīrēs |
sūs |
suēs |
bōs |
bovēs |
luppiter |
| Genitive |
-- |
vīrium |
suis |
suum |
bovis |
boum |
lovis |
| Dative |
-- |
vīribus |
suī |
subus |
bovi |
bōbus/bubus |
lovī |
| Accusative |
vīm |
vīrēs |
suem |
suēs |
bovem |
bovēs |
lovem |
| Ablative |
vī |
vīribus |
sue |
subus |
bove |
bōbus |
love |
| Vocative |
vīs |
vīrēs |
sūs |
suēs |
bōs |
bovēs |
luppiter |
Fourth Declension
Nouns of this groups are mostly masculine except a few nouns. Masculine and feminine nouns end in -us, and neuter nouns end in -ū.
Table 8
|
portus, -ūs, m. (port) |
cornū, -ūs, n. (horn) |
| Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
| Nominative |
portus |
-us |
portūs |
-ūs |
cornū |
-ū |
cornua |
-ua |
| Genitive |
portūs |
-ūs |
portuum |
-uum |
cornūs |
-ūs |
cornuum |
-uum |
| Dative |
portuī |
-uī |
portibus |
-ibus |
cornū |
-ū |
cornibus |
-ibus |
| Accusative |
portum |
-um |
portūs |
-ūs |
cornū |
-ū |
cornua |
-ua |
| Ablative |
portū |
-ū |
portibus |
-ibus |
cornū |
-ū |
cornibus |
-ibus |
| Vocative |
portus |
-us |
portūs |
-ūs |
cornū |
-ū |
cornua |
-ua |
Fifth Declension
This is a small group of nouns which consists of feminine nouns except diēs.
Table 9
|
effigiēs, –ēī, f. (effigy) |
| Singular |
Plural |
| Nominative |
effigiēs |
-ēs |
effigēs |
-ēs |
| Genitive |
effigiēī |
-ēī |
effigērum |
-ērum |
| Dative |
effigiēs |
-ēs |
effigēbus |
-ēbus |
| Accusative |
effigiēm |
-ēm |
effigēs |
-ēs |
| Ablative |
effigiē |
-ē |
effigēbus |
-ēbus |
| Vocative |
effigiēs |
-ēs |
effigēs |
-ēs |
