LINGVA LATINA

11. Reading Text

1/6/2010

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                                                       Agricola vīnum amat
 agricola ad forum venit. agricola vīnum quaerit. sed, Quintus pecūniam nōn habet. Quintus ad forum frūmentum portat. agricola hodiē fēlīx est. agricola frūmentum Iūlianō vendit. Iūliano est laetus. nunc, Quintus pecūniam habet. agricola in foro ambulat.  agricola bonum vīnum amat. Quintus vīnum bonum emit. Quintus est laetus. agricola ad casam revenit. Quintus et Iūlia in casā parvā habitant. Iūlia est in casā parvā. Iūlia in sellā sedet. ēheu! Iūlia est maesta. Iūlia nōn est laeta, quod Quintus pupam nōn emit. Iūlia ad hortum currit. ecce! amica est in viā. amica est Decima. "ohē! Decima!" clāmat Iūlia. Decima Iūliam videt. Iūlia per viam currit. nunc, Iūlia est laeta. amica quoque laeta est. casa parva est in terrā pulchrā.  est in terrā silva magna. in silvā sunt multae pinī longae. Iūlia et Decima silvam magnam amant.

Note: All prepositions and the other unacquainted elements of the sentences will be explained in ongoing posts. It's better to see them in the sentences first. 'sed' means 'but'. 'ad' is a proposition and means 'to'.'hodiē' means 'today'. 'ēheu' means 'alas'. 'quod' is 'because'. 'ecce' means 'look'. 'ohē' is like 'hey'.'per' means 'through'. 'quoque' means 'too'. If 'est' is placed at the beginning of the sentence, it means 'there is'.
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10. New Vocabularies

1/5/2010

2 Comments

 
 It's time to learn more vocabularies. In the first set of flashcards there are eleven nouns of first, second and third declensions.
 In this set of flashcards there are ten latin verbs of first, second, third and forth conjugations.
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9. Word Order

1/3/2010

3 Comments

 
 Word order is not important in Latin, as it is in English. Because, declining elements of a sentence lets us know which word is subject, object , verb  ...etc. It makes Latin sentences more flexible than English sentences. There are a few rules about order of words in Latin.  In Latin first and last sentences are the most emphatic elements in a sentence. Less emphatic place is the mid part of the sentence.  Often, subject is placed first, and verb is placed last. Other parts stand in the middle of a sentence. However, if giving emphasis to a word is needed, order of the words can be changed. Sometimes, it can be better for ear to change order of words too. This happens especially in poetry and in proverbs. Normal order of a sentences is like this:
 
Subject - Modifiers of the subject - Indirect Object- Direct Object - Verb

  Changing the world order can be frequent among possessive adjectives,  adjectives ...etc.
  Possessive adjectives (my, your..etc) normally stand after their nouns in Latin. If giving an emphasis is desired, possessive adjectives are placed before their nouns. For example:
  •  servus meus aquam portāt. (My slave is carrying water)-normal
  • meus servus aquam portāt. ( 'meus' (my) is emphatic.)
  • servus Corneliī aquam portāt. (Cornelius' slave is carrying water)-normal
  • Corneliī servus aquam portāt. ('Cornelius' is emphatic)
 Adjectives are placed after their nouns in a normal sentence structure .  If they are placed before their nouns, they become more emphatic. If it is a matter of a greater emphasis, adjective can be completely separated from its noun.
  •  servus meus aquam bonum portāt. (My slave is carrying the good water.)-Normal
  • servus meus bonum aquam portāt. ('bonum' is emphatic.)
  • bonum servus meus aquam portāt. ('bonum' is very emphatic.)
 Other elements can be changed like verbs, objects..etc. As I said, Latin is a flexible language.
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